Ethical perspectives on artificial intelligence in ophthalmology: a critical review

Abstract

The increasing application of artificial intelligence in medicine has led to significant advances in diagnosis,
monitoring, and treatment of diseases. However, its use raises important ethical issues involving medical
responsibility, confidentiality, and patient autonomy. This review aimed to analyze the main bioethical
aspects of the use of artificial intelligence in ophthalmological practice. Articles addressing the interaction
between artificial intelligence, ethics, and ophthalmology were included, with emphasis on risk situations
and impacts on clinical decision-making. It is concluded that, despite the great potential of artificial
intelligence to improve ophthalmic care, final responsibility for diagnosis and patient management
remains exclusively with the physician. Furthermore, the implementation of these technologies must be
conducted ethically, ensuring transparency, protection of patient privacy, and compliance with regulatory
standards, in order to balance technological innovation with safety and respect for individual rights.