Perceptions of health care perceptions regarding trust in medical artificial intelligence in Spain

Abstract

This study examines the perceptions of healthcare professionals in Spain regarding trust in artificial
intelligence, based on four clinical scenarios and considering technological familiarity, medical specialty,
and age. From October to November 2024, a cross-sectional online survey was conducted with
165 professionals and students in the healthcare sector. The clinical scenarios described situations
involving artificial intelligence-assisted diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic support; trust was
measured using Likert scales. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential techniques in an
open-source statistical environment. Familiarity was directly associated with trust; younger participants
and physicians showed greater acceptance than other groups. Most participants reported low to
moderate familiarity with artificial intelligence. The successful integration of artificial intelligence
into the Spanish healthcare system requires targeted training by specialty and clear regulation,
with increased technological familiarity being essential to foster trust.